
by Paul Standby, 1776
Remember, remember the fifth of November…
Most people will be writing about the outcome of the Presidential Election last night here in the United States today. But if you know me, follow me on Twitter, follow this site, or have spoken to me in the past week, you know that I just can’t stomach any more partisan political discussion. I’m elated that the political ads have disappeared from my TV. I’m disappointed in the responses of some of the people who surround me, but I can’t have everything, can I?
Instead, I’d like to draw attention to the fact that it’s Guy Fawkes Night! Most people became aware of him and the doggerels that are associated with him through the 2005 film V for Vendetta and through the hugely popular Graphic Novel by Alan Moore (1982-88: Originally published in The Warrior in black and white, and then by DC in color later. It’s being re-released in January 2009, by the way). But most people still don’t understand what Guy Fawkes Night is actually about, or what it is actually celebrating.
Guy Fawkes Night is celebrating the discovery and foiling of The Gunpowder Plot–an assassination attempt on the life of James I (and IV of Scotland) by a group of 13 English Catholics who intended to kill the King and his family, most of the Protestant aristocracy, and start a rebellion to place Elizabeth (James’s 9 year old daughter) on the throne as a Catholic monarch by blowing up the House of Parliament at its opening on November 5th.
- On November 5th - Guy Fawkes was discovered in the cellar of Parliament with 36 barrels of gunpowder.
- The King sent orders to the Tower of London authorizing the use of torture on November 6th on Guy Fawkes to get him to give up the names of his co-conspirators.
- November 8th - The rest of the co-conspirators were rounded up; two were killed in the skirmish and the rest were carted off to the tower.
- November 9th - Fawkes signs a longer, detailed complete confession outlining the plot and conspirators (evidence of his torture is present in his shaky signature)
- January 27, 1606 - The trial of the Gunpowder plot conspirators (Read the transcript of the trial here)
- January 30, 31 - The execution of the remaining conspirators (It is documented that Fawkes jumped from the scaffold before he could be systematically hanged so that his neck would snap, thus avoiding being conscious for the disemboweling during the ordered Drawing and Quartering. Robert Keyes, one of the co-conspirators, tried the same, but did not snap his neck. He was conscious for the remainder of the execution.
The celebration of Guy Fawkes Night traditionally included fireworks and bonfires–usually with hanging Guy Fawkes dolls and burning them in effigy. This practice has mostly fallen out of favor, and the meaning of Guy Fawkes Night has slowly become appropriated to symbolize drastic revolutionary measures to stand up to a governing body. For that reason, the opening of the traditional rhyme is often sung, but not the entire thing (Omitted verses in bold):
- Remember, remember the Fifth of November,
- The Gunpowder Treason and Plot,
- I can think of no reason
- Why the Gunpowder Treason
- Should ever be forgot.
- Guy Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, t’was his intent
- To blow up the King and Parli’ment.
- Three-score barrels of powder below
- To prove old England’s overthrow;
- By God’s providence he was catch’d
- With a dark lantern and burning match.
- Holloa boys, holloa boys, let the bells ring.
- Holloa boys, holloa boys, God save the King!
As with shifts in many popular concepts, the understanding of the origins of Guy Fawkes Night has shifted to only a cursory understanding of what the actual celebration is about–the saving of the King and Parliament, and maintaining the status quo. Without knowing the entire doggerel or rhyme, celebrants tend to miss the mark entirely.
My thoughts have made a significant shift toward research over the past week. Sometimes I have a specific direction and know exactly what problem I am trying to solve or what theory I am trying to support. Most other times I have an idea buzzing around in my head that started by fragments of various different things accidentally connecting in my mind. I know there’s something waiting to find me while I’m researching a topic, but I might not know what it is exactly. It’s like being given a puzzle without the box. I can see bits, but only once I put all the pieces together can I see the big picture. That’s the best way I can describe it.
While working on one of the novels I’ve started and keep returning to, some of those pieces began fitting together. My research for the novel started with the Moirae, or the Fates, and the Erinyes, or the Furies. Greek mythology is a passion of mine, and naturally this research led to more questions. Currently I’m interested in groups of Greek gods/goddesses/demigods, and most specifically in triads. There are quite a lot more than I originally remembered:
- The Moirae (Fates): The wierd sisters govern over your fate–when you’re born, how long you live, and when you die.
- The Erinyes (Furies): The embodiment of female vengence (avenging murder, grudging, and “unceasing”).
- The Horae: There are actually a number of “generations” of the Horae. They represent three seasons (Spring, summer, and autumn), Agricultural concepts (prosperity, substance, and abundance), Law and Order (moral justice, peace, and the adherance to “good” laws), and eventually there were 10 to represent each hour.
- The Gratiae (Graces): Beauty, mirth, and good cheer.
- The Gorgons: Female monsters often depicted with various animal body parts. Medusa was the most famous of the three.
- The Harpies: Typically three female winged monsters who kidnapped men (usually) and punished them on their way to Tartarus (the really bad part of the underworld). They were vicious and cruel.
- The Graeae: These ancient women were the “grey ladies” or “grey witches” who shared one tooth and one eye between them. They’re ominious (Alarm, horror, and dread, respectively) but didn’t physically do anything. They’re often conflated with the Furies and the Fates.
- The Oneiroi: Ominous, black-winged daemons who were the personification of dreams. Two worked on specific parts of dreams, one worked on the over all dream structure. Each had their specialty: crafting humans, animals, and objects. Oh yeah, and they were male.
I’m certain I missed some of the groups, but these are the most recognizable. Here’s what’s fascinating me… Only one of those groups are “male.” Most of the triads are female representations of concepts, and most of them aren’t positive. Of course, you have the triple goddess as well, usually represented in Greek Mythology as Hecate (Maiden, mother, and crone). What bothers me is that if Hecate represents “all” the aspects of humanity, then why the need for the others? Why in groups of three? Why are they almost all female, and nearly all deformed in some way? The research took my writing to a different place, and that’s just fine, but now I have more questions. Figures.
Write well,
Dawn
I probably should have been a historian rather than an English lit scholar, but I couldn’t have known that without going down that original path and encountering New Historicism. (How’s that for a Catch 22?) In graduate school, I became obsessed with the intricacies of European history and politics, particularly of monarchies, and specifically, of female monarchs. So here’s a list of my top five favorite English Queens to research:
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